![]() However, there are certain quarters of RMPs who have been freely performing this therapy in their day-to-day practice without undergoing due C&P process.ĭespite gaining wide acceptance by consumers, there is a reluctance of some medical practitioners to include acupuncture in their practice. In addition to the mainstream TCM practitioners, some registered medical practitioners (RMPs) like anesthetists and pain management specialists have been performing acupuncture under the credentialing and privileging (C&P) from their hospitals and institutions. Moreover, there is a separate governance imposed on the practice of western medicine and the practice of alternative medicine ( 12). In tandem with the main T&CM use worldwide for problems related to musculoskeletal system, Malaysian population is also likely to use T&CM for health problems mainly related to myalgia, back pain, join pain and muscle ache ( 9).įormal degree in TCM is offered in few Malaysian institutes ( 11). It was estimated that Malaysia spends approximately US$500 million annually on traditional therapies compared to only US$300 million on conventional therapies ( 10). The importance and contribution of T&CM in Malaysia is reflected by the out-of-pocket expenditure on T&CM treatment. By the year 2017, it was reported that the lifetime prevalence of using T&CM by Malaysians is 69.4% ( 8). National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 showed that the prevalence of T&CM use in the preceding 12 months was 29.25% ( 9). Following the enactment of Traditional and Complementary Medicine (T&CM) Act 2016, T&CM Council is officially the regulatory authority to govern the practices from self-regulation to statutory regulation regimens ( 8). However, with influx of Chinese migrants to Malaysia, the first two hospital providing range of TCM modalities were established in 1894 ( 7). In Malaysia, acupuncture, as part of TCM, was introduced in the fourteenth century. Reflecting its importance and contribution, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the inclusion of acupuncture into healthcare policies ( 6). Systematic review, randomized clinical trials and observational studies have documented the efficacy and utility of acupuncture ( 5). Among the most popular TCM practices is acupuncture. Studies from western countries like the USA ( 2), Japan ( 3), Denmark ( 4) and other countries have shown popularity and acceptance of TCM. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) takes a holistic approach in treating patients based on individualized treatment utilizing the concept of “Syndrome Differentiation”.Ĭurrently, TCM accounts for 40% of all health services delivered in China ( 1). With increased healthcare cost and focus on patient reported indicators, a new paradigm emerged as an alternative to the traditional pharmacological treatment. In conclusion, TPA affects the intention to use acupuncture indirectly through its negative effect on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of acupuncture. There was no significant direct effect of TPA on intention ( p = 0.0561). ![]() TPA has a significant negative impact on ease of use ( p < 0.001) and perceived usefulness ( p = 0.002). Discriminant validity was ascertained with the findings that the square root of AVE is larger than the correlation between each two constructs. All constructs achieved a minimum of 0.896 reliability estimates. ![]() The minimum average variance extracted (AVE) was 0.741. In the measurement model, all items within each construct were highly correlated. Two hundred and seventeen returned the completed questionnaire yielding a response rate of 86.8%. Measurement model, discriminant validity and path analysis statistics were presented. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was utilized to test the relationship between the 4 constructs. The questionnaire followed a modified technology acceptance theoretical framework including the three main constructs of ease of use, usefulness and intention to use with addition of TPA as a predictor of physician intention. The survey was distributed to 250 registered medical practitioners who are affiliated with the Malaysian Medical Association. A cross sectional study was conducted using an online survey form. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of Threat to Professional Autonomy (TPA) on RMPs' intention to use acupuncture in Malaysia. Despite its popularity, registered medical practitioners (RMPs) are reluctant to use acupuncture in their practice.
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